This talk will cover a recent study published in the American Journal of Human Genetics (“Demographic history and Genetic Variation of the Armenian Population”), of which the two speakers are among the co-authors, that conducted the first whole-genome analysis of Armenians to explore their genetic history and variation. It revealed that Armenians across different regions are genetically similar, while the Sasun population, previously thought to have Assyrian ancestry, instead developed a slightly distinct genetic profile due to a historical decrease in population size. The study also tested the long-debated theory, originally proposed by the ancient Greek historian Herodotus, that Armenians originated from the Balkans but found no genetic evidence to support this claim. Instead, the findings uncovered genetic input from a Levantine source in the region after the Early Bronze Age.